ACCESSORIES TOOLS AND CUTTING FLUID

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• Q1: Define Machine Center Accessories.
  Ans: Machine center accessories are additional devices used to improve the performance, accuracy, safety, and automation of a machine center.
• Q2: Name some Machine Center Accessories.
  Ans: Some of the Machine Center Accessories are as follows:

  • ➔ Tool changer
  • ➔ Chip conveyor
  • ➔ Coolant system
  • ➔ Tool magazine
  • ➔ Call light
• Q3: Define HSK Spindle.
  Ans: HSK spindle is a hollow shank tool interface that provides high accuracy and rigidity at high spindle speeds.
• Q4: Define Tool Monitor.
  Ans: A tool monitor is a device used to detect tool breakage, wear, or overload during machining.
• Q5: Define Mist Controller.
  Ans: A mist controller removes oil mist from the machine enclosure to maintain a clean and safe working environment.
• Q6: Define MQL device.
  Ans: MQL device supplies a very small quantity of lubricant mixed with air for cooling and lubrication.
• Q7: Define Cutting Fluid Supply System.
  Ans: It is a system that delivers cutting fluid to the cutting zone for cooling and lubrication.
• Q8: Define Turret.
  Ans: A turret is a rotating tool holding device used to automatically change tools during machining.
• Q9: Define Simulation.
  Ans: Simulation is the virtual representation of machining operations used to detect errors before actual machining.
• Q10: Define SGI Control.
  Ans: SGI control is an advanced CNC control that improves surface finish by smoothening tool paths.
• Q11: Define Chip Conveyor.
  Ans: A chip conveyor is a device used to automatically remove chips from the machining area.
• Q12: Define Air Blow Device.
  Ans: An air blow device uses compressed air to remove chips and coolant from the work area.
• Q13: Define Jet Coolant.
  Ans: Jet coolant supplies cutting fluid at high pressure directly to the cutting zone.
• Q14: Define Mist Coolant.
  Ans: Mist coolant supplies coolant in atomized form mixed with air.
• Q15: Define Chuck Open/Close Confirmation Device.
  Ans: It is a safety device that confirms whether the chuck is properly opened or closed.
• Q16: Define Bar Puller.
  Ans: A bar puller is a device used to pull bar stock forward automatically in turning centers.
• Q17: Define Call Light.
  Ans: A call light provides visual indication of machine status using colored lights.
• Q18: Define Lubrication Pump.
  Ans: A lubrication pump supplies oil or grease to machine parts to reduce friction and wear.
• Q19: Define Drills.
  Ans: Drills are cutting tools used to produce circular holes in a workpiece.
• Q20: Name the types of Drills.
  Ans: The types of Drills are as follows:

  • ➔ Twist drill
  • ➔ Center drill
  • ➔ Spade drill
  • ➔ Carbide drill
  • ➔ Carbide insert drill
• Q21: Define Twist Drill.
  Ans: A twist drill is a common drilling tool with helical flutes used for general drilling.
• Q22: Define Center Drill.
  Ans: A center drill is used to make a starting hole or center point before drilling.
• Q23: Define Spade Drill.
  Ans: A spade drill uses a flat blade and is suitable for large diameter holes.
• Q24: Define Carbide Drill.
  Ans: A carbide drill is made of carbide material and is used for high-speed and hard material drilling.
• Q25: Define Carbide Insert Drill.
  Ans: A carbide insert drill uses replaceable cutting inserts for drilling.
• Q26: Define Reamer.
  Ans: A reamer is a finishing tool used to improve the accuracy and surface finish of a drilled hole.
• Q27: Name some Turning Center Tools.
  Ans: Some of the Turning Center Tools are as follows:

  • ➔ Turning tool
  • ➔ Facing tool
  • ➔ Grooving tool
  • ➔ Boring tool
  • ➔ Parting tool
• Q28: Define Turning Tool.
  Ans: A turning tool is used to remove material from the outer surface of a rotating workpiece.
• Q29: Define Grooving Tool.
  Ans: A grooving tool is used to cut narrow grooves on the workpiece.
• Q30: Define Facing Tool.
  Ans: A facing tool is used to produce a flat surface at the end of a workpiece.
• Q31: Define Boring Tool.
  Ans: A boring tool is used to enlarge and finish an existing hole.
• Q32: Define Parting Tool.
  Ans: A parting tool is used to cut off a finished component from the workpiece.
• Q33: Define Cutting Fluid.
  Ans: Cutting fluid is a liquid used to cool, lubricate, and remove chips during machining.
• Q34: Name the types of Cutting Fluid.
  Ans: The types of Cutting Fluid are as follows:

  • ➔ Cutting oils
  • ➔ Water soluble cutting oils
• Q35: Define Cutting Oils.
  Ans: Cutting oils are oil-based fluids used mainly for lubrication during machining.
• Q36: Name the types of Cutting Oils.
  Ans: The types of Cutting Oils are as follows:

  • ➔ N1 type
  • ➔ N2 type
  • ➔ N3 type
  • ➔ N4 type
• Q37: Define N1 Type Cutting Oils.
  Ans: N1 type cutting oils are light mineral oils used for low-speed machining.
• Q38: Define N2 Type Cutting Oils.
  Ans: N2 type cutting oils contain additives and are used for moderate machining operations.
• Q39: Define N3 Type Cutting Oils.
  Ans: N3 type cutting oils are heavy-duty oils used for severe cutting operations.
• Q40: Define N4 Type Cutting Oils.
  Ans: N4 type cutting oils contain extreme pressure additives for heavy-duty machining.
• Q41: Define Water Soluble Cutting Oils.
  Ans: Water soluble cutting oils are oils mixed with water to provide cooling and lubrication.
• Q42: Name the types of Water Soluble Cutting Oils.
  Ans: The types of Water Soluble Cutting Oils are as follows:

  • ➔ A1 type
  • ➔ A2 type
  • ➔ A3 type
• Q43: Define A1 Type Water Soluble Cutting Oils.
  Ans: A1 type oils form milky emulsions and are used for general machining.
• Q44: Define A2 Type Water Soluble Cutting Oils.
  Ans: A2 type oils form translucent solutions and offer better cooling.
• Q45: Define A3 Type Water Soluble Cutting Oils.
  Ans: A3 type oils form clear solutions and provide excellent cooling.
• Q46: State some properties of good Cutting Fluids.
  Ans: Some of the properties are as follows:

  • ➔ It has good cooling ability
  • ➔ It has good lubrication
  • ➔ It is Non-corrosive
  • ➔ It is Non-toxic
• Q47: State some functions of good Cutting Fluids.
  Ans: Some of the functions are as follows:

  • ➔ It reduces heat
  • ➔ It reduces friction
  • ➔ It improves tool life
  • ➔ It improves surface finish
• Q48: What is SGI?
  Ans: SGI stands for Super Geometric Intelligence used to improve machining accuracy and surface finish.
• Q49: Write the functions of SGI.
  Ans: Some of the functions of SGI are as follows:

  • ➔ Smoothens tool path
  • ➔ Reduces vibration
  • ➔ Improves surface finish
  • ➔ Enhances accuracy
• Q50: Define RBU.
  Ans: RBU is a rotary buffer unit used for tool storage and transfer in machining centers.
• Q51: State the working of Automatic Tool Changer.
  Ans: The working of an Automatic Tool Changer can be understood step by step:

  • ➔ The machine receives a command to change the tool.
  • ➔ The spindle automatically stops to allow the tool change.
  • ➔ The current tool is safely returned to the tool magazine.
  • ➔ The new tool is selected from the magazine and loaded into the spindle.