CUTTING TOOLS AND CHIPS

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• Q1: Define Cutting Tools.
  Ans: Cutting tools are devices used to remove material from a workpiece to give it the desired shape and size.
• Q2: Name the parts of Cutting Tools.
  Ans: The parts of Cutting Tools are as follows:

  • ➔ Shank
  • ➔ Flank
  • ➔ Nose
  • ➔ Cutting edge
• Q3: Define Shank.
  Ans: Shank is the portion of the cutting tool held in the tool holder or machine.
• Q4: Define Flank.
  Ans: Flank is the surface of the tool that faces the finished surface of the workpiece.
• Q5: Define Nose Radius.
  Ans: Nose radius is the rounded tip of the cutting tool where the cutting edges meet.
• Q6: Write the effects of Nose Radius.
  Ans: The effects of Nose Radius are as follows:

  • ➔ Improves surface finish
  • ➔ Increases tool strength
  • ➔ Reduces cutting tool vibration
• Q7: Define Rack Angle.
  Ans: Rack angle is the angle formed between the cutting edge of a tool and the surface being machined.
• Q8: Write the types of Rack Angle.
  Ans: The types of Rack Angle are as follows:

  • ➔ Positive Rack Angle
  • ➔ Negative Rack Angle
• Q9: Define Positive Rack Angle.
  Ans: Positive rack angle means the cutting edge is inclined forward, reducing cutting forces.
• Q10: Write the effects of Positive Rack Angle.
  Ans: The effects of Positive Rack Angle are as follows:

  • ➔ Reduces cutting force
  • ➔ Produces smoother finish
  • ➔ Increases tool life for softer materials
• Q11: Define Negative Rack Angle.
  Ans: Negative rack angle means the cutting edge is inclined backward, increasing tool strength for hard materials.
• Q12: Write the Negative of Positive Rack Angle.
  Ans: The negative rack angle is used for machining hard materials to prevent tool breakage, though it increases cutting force.
• Q13: Define Cutting Edge Angle.
  Ans: Cutting edge angle is the angle formed between the cutting edge of the tool and the direction of feed.
• Q14: Define Relief and Clearance Angle.
  Ans: Relief or clearance angle is the angle between the tool flank and the workpiece surface to prevent rubbing.
• Q15: Name the types of Cutting Tools.
  Ans: The types of Cutting Tools are as follows:

  • ➔ Single-point cutting tool
  • ➔ Multi-point cutting tool
  • ➔ Diamond tool
• Q16: Define Chip.
  Ans: Chip is the material removed from a workpiece during the cutting process.
• Q17: Name the types of Chips.
  Ans: The types of Chips are as follows:

  • ➔ Continuous Chip
  • ➔ Discontinuous Chip
  • ➔ Continuous Chip with Built-up Edge
• Q18: Define Continuous Chip.
  Ans: Continuous chip is a long, unbroken chip produced when cutting ductile materials with sharp tools.
• Q19: Define Dis-continuous Chip.
  Ans: Discontinuous chip is a short, broken chip produced when cutting brittle materials or using interrupted cuts.
• Q20: Define Continuous Chip with Built-up Edge.
  Ans: Continuous chip with built-up edge occurs when material sticks to the cutting edge, forming small lumps, often with ductile metals.
• Q21: Define Chip Conveyor.
  Ans: A chip conveyor is a device used to remove chips from the machining area to keep it clean and prevent damage.
• Q22: Define Airgun.
  Ans: An airgun is a tool used to blow away chips and dust from the workpiece and machine during or after machining.