SELECTING A TYPE OF TOOL MATERIAL

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• Q1: Write the classification of Cutting Tool Material.
  Ans: Cutting Tool Materials are classified as follows:

  • ➔ High-Speed Steel (HSS)
  • ➔ Cemented Carbides
  • ➔ Ceramics
  • ➔ Cermets
  • ➔ Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN)
  • ➔ Diamond
• Q2: Write the properties of Cutting Tool Material.
  Ans: The properties of Cutting Tool Materials are as follows:

  • ➔ High hardness
  • ➔ Wear resistance
  • ➔ Toughness
  • ➔ Heat resistance
  • ➔ Chemical stability
• Q3: Define HSS.
  Ans: HSS (High-Speed Steel) is a type of steel that can withstand high cutting temperatures without losing hardness.
• Q4: Define M-group.
  Ans: M-group refers to HSS steels alloyed with molybdenum for improved wear resistance and toughness.
• Q5: Define Cemented Carbide Tools.
  Ans: Cemented carbide tools are made by embedding carbide particles in a metallic binder, providing high hardness and wear resistance.
• Q6: Define P-Type Cemented Carbide Tools.
  Ans: P-Type cemented carbide tools are designed for machining steel and other ferrous materials.
• Q7: Define K-Type Cemented Carbide Tools.
  Ans: K-Type cemented carbide tools are suitable for cutting cast iron and non-ferrous metals.
• Q8: Define M-Type Cemented Carbide Tools.
  Ans: M-Type cemented carbide tools are general-purpose tools for machining a variety of materials.
• Q9: Define Coating Materials.
  Ans: Coating materials are thin layers applied to cutting tools to improve hardness, wear resistance, and reduce friction.
• Q10: Name some Coating Materials.
  Ans: Common Coating Materials include:

  • ➔ Titanium Nitride (TiN)
  • ➔ Titanium Carbonitride (TiCN)
  • ➔ Aluminum Oxide (Al₂O₃)
  • ➔ Diamond coatings
• Q11: State some Coating Methods.
  Ans: Some of the Coating Methods are as follows:

  • ➔ Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD)
  • ➔ Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
• Q12: Define Cermet.
  Ans: Cermet is a composite material made of ceramic and metallic materials, offering hardness and toughness.
• Q13: Name two basic types of cermets.
  Ans: The basic Types of Cermets are as follows:

  • ➔ Titanium Carbide-based cermets
  • ➔ Titanium Nitride-based cermets
• Q14: Define Ceramics.
  Ans: Ceramics are hard, brittle materials used for cutting tools that provide high wear resistance and heat resistance.
• Q15: Write some drawbacks of ceramics.
  Ans: Some of the drawbacks of Ceramics are as follows:

  • ➔ Brittle, prone to chipping
  • ➔ Limited toughness
  • ➔ Cannot absorb shocks
• Q16: Define CBN Group.
  Ans: CBN (Cubic Boron Nitride) tools are extremely hard and used for machining hardened steels and superalloys.
• Q17: Define Diamond Group.
  Ans: Diamond tools are the hardest cutting tools, used for non-ferrous metals, plastics, and abrasive materials.
• Q18: Write Tungsten high speed steel grades.
  Ans: Tungsten High-Speed Steel Grades are as follows:

  • ➔ T1, T2, T3, T4, T5
• Q19: Define Polycrystalline Compact.
  Ans: Polycrystalline Compact (PDC) is a synthetic diamond compacted with a metallic binder for high hardness cutting tools.
• Q20: Why are cemented carbide tools used?
  Ans: Cemented carbide tools are used because they provide high hardness, wear resistance, and can cut at higher speeds than HSS.
• Q21: Define PVD Coating.
  Ans: PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) coating is a thin layer applied to cutting tools to improve hardness, wear resistance, and reduce friction.